• Karen L Furie, Catherine M Viscoli, Mark Gorman, Gary A Ford, Lawrence H Young, Silvio E Inzucchi, Peter D Guarino, Anne M Lovejoy, Robin Conwit, David Tanne, Walter N Kernan, and IRIS Trial Investigators.
• Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
• J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 2018 Jan 1; 89 (1): 21-27.

IntroductionPatients with cerebrovascular disease are at increased risk for cognitive dysfunction. Modification of vascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, could improve poststroke cognitive function.MethodsIn the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial, patients with a recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) were randomised to pioglitazone (target 45 mg daily) or placebo. All patients were insulin resistant based on a Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance score >3.0. For this preplanned analysis of cognitive function, we examined the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) score (maximum score, 100) during follow-up. Patients were tested at baseline and annually for up to 5 years. Longitudinal mixed model methods were used to compare changes in the 3MS over time.ResultsOf the 3876 IRIS participants, 3398 had a 3MS score at baseline and at least once during follow-up and were included in the analysis. Median 3MS score at baseline was 97 (IQR 93-99). The average overall least squared mean 3MS score increased by 0.27 in the pioglitazone group and by 0.29 in the placebo group (mean difference between treatment groups -0.02; 95% CI -0.33 to 0.28, p=0.88).ConclusionsAmong insulin-resistant patients with a recent ischaemic stroke or TIA, pioglitazone did not affect cognitive function, as measured by the 3MS, over 5 years.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00091949; Results.© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

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