• Yi-Jing Lue, Chung-Hwan Chen, Shih-Hsiang Chou, Chih-Lung Lin, Kuang-I Cheng, and Yen-Mou Lu.
• Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
• Spine. 2018 Jun 1; 43 (11): E656-E663.

Study DesignCross-cultural adaptation and cross-sectional psychometric testing in a convenience sample of patients with neck pain.ObjectiveTo translate and cross-culturally adapt the Neck Disability Index (NDI) into a Taiwanese version and to assess the psychometric properties.Summary Of Background DataThe Taiwanese NDI has not been developed or validated.MethodsThe NDI was first translated and culturally adapted to the Taiwanese version. The test-retest reliability within 1 week was examined (n = 32). The factor structure was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis (n = 137). The construct validity was assessed by examining the relationship between the NDI and other well-known measures (n = 137).ResultsThe Taiwanese version was successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted. The internal consistency was excellent, with Cronbach α = 0.89. High test-retest reliability was demonstrated with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.87. The minimal detectable change was 8.74. The two-factor model (pain and function factors) was better than the one-factor model, with higher factor loadings and better goodness-of-fit statistics. The convergent validity was supported by moderate correlation of the pain factor with the Visual Analogue Scale (|rho| = 0.45), and high correlation of the function factor with the physical component summary of the Short-From 36 (SF-36) (|rho| = 0.60).ConclusionThe Taiwanese NDI is a reliable and valid disease-specific measure for assessment of pain and functional status in patients with neck pain.Level Of Evidence3.

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