• BJOG · Nov 2011

    Review Meta Analysis

    Dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy and the risks of low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA)-a systematic review and meta-analyses.

    • J Patra, R Bakker, H Irving, V W V Jaddoe, S Malini, and J Rehm.
    • Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. jayadeep_patra@camh.net
    • BJOG. 2011 Nov 1; 118 (12): 1411-21.

    BackgroundDescriptions of the effects of moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes have been inconsistent.ObjectiveTo review systematically and perform meta-analyses on the effect of maternal alcohol exposure on the risk of low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA).Search StrategyUsing Medical Subject Headings, a literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CABS, WHOlist, SIGLE, ETOH, and Web of Science between 1 January 1980 and 1 August 2009 was performed followed by manual searches.Selection CriteriaCase-control or cohort studies were assessed for quality (STROBE), 36 available studies were included.Data Collection And AnalysisTwo reviewers independently extracted the information on low birthweight, preterm birth and SGA using a standardised protocol. Meta-analyses on dose-response relationships were performed using linear as well as first-order and second-order fractional polynomial regressions to estimate best fitting curves to the data.Main ResultsCompared with abstainers, the overall dose-response relationships for low birthweight and SGA showed no effect up to 10 g pure alcohol/day (an average of about 1 drink/day) and preterm birth showed no effect up to 18 g pure alcohol/day (an average of 1.5 drinks/day); thereafter, the relationship showed a monotonically increasing risk for increasing maternal alcohol consumption. Moderate consumption during pre-pregnancy was associated with reduced risks for all outcomes.ConclusionsDose-response relationship indicates that heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy increases the risks of all three outcomes whereas light to moderate alcohol consumption shows no effect. Preventive measures during antenatal consultations should be initiated.© 2011 The Authors BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology © 2011 RCOG.

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