• World Neurosurg · Oct 2017

    Review

    Virtual Reality and Simulation in Neurosurgical Training.

    • Antonio Bernardo.
    • Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA. Electronic address: antonio@antonbernardo.com.
    • World Neurosurg. 2017 Oct 1; 106: 1015-1029.

    AbstractRecent biotechnological advances, including three-dimensional microscopy and endoscopy, virtual reality, surgical simulation, surgical robotics, and advanced neuroimaging, have continued to mold the surgeon-computer relationship. For developing neurosurgeons, such tools can reduce the learning curve, improve conceptual understanding of complex anatomy, and enhance visuospatial skills. We explore the current and future roles and application of virtual reality and simulation in neurosurgical training.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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