• Daniel A Kelmenson, Natalie Held, Richard R Allen, Dianna Quan, Ellen L Burnham, Brendan J Clark, P Michael Ho, Tyree H Kiser, R William Vandivier, and Marc Moss.
• Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
• Crit. Care Med. 2017 Dec 1; 45 (12): 2055-2060.

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of a discharge diagnosis of critical illness polyneuromyopathy on health-related outcomes in a large cohort of patients requiring ICU admission.DesignRetrospective cohort with propensity score-matched analysis.SettingAnalysis of a large multihospital database.PatientsAdult ICU patients without preexisting neuromuscular abnormalities and a discharge diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy and/or myopathy along with adult ICU propensity-matched control patients.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsOf 3,567 ICU patients with a discharge diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy and/or myopathy, we matched 3,436 of these patients to 3,436 ICU patients who did not have a discharge diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy and/or myopathy. After propensity matching and adjusting for unbalanced covariates, we used conditional logistic regression and a repeated measures model to compare patient outcomes. Compared to patients without a discharge diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy and/or myopathy, patients with a discharge diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy and/or myopathy had fewer 28-day hospital-free days (6 [0.1] vs 7.4 [0.1] d; p < 0.0001), had fewer 28-day ventilator-free days (15.7 [0.2] vs 17.5 [0.2] d; p < 0.0001), had higher hospitalization charges (313,508 [4,853] vs 256,288 [4,470] dollars; p < 0.0001), and were less likely to be discharged home (15.3% vs 32.8%; p < 0.0001) but had lower in-hospital mortality (13.7% vs 18.3%; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn a propensity-matched analysis of a large national database, a discharge diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy and/or myopathy is strongly associated with deleterious outcomes including fewer hospital-free days, fewer ventilator-free days, higher hospital charges, and reduced discharge home but also an unexpectedly lower in-hospital mortality. This study demonstrates the clinical importance of a discharge diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy and/or myopathy and the need for effective preventive interventions.

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