• World Neurosurg · Jan 2018

    A propensity score analysis of the impact of Dexamethasone use on delayed cerebral ischemia and poor functional outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

    • Nathaniel Mohney, Craig A Williamson, Edward Rothman, Ron Ball, Kyle M Sheehan, Aditya S Pandey, Jeffrey J Fletcher, Teresa L Jacobs, B Gregory Thompson, and Venkatakrishna Rajajee.
    • Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
    • World Neurosurg. 2018 Jan 1; 109: e655-e661.

    ObjectiveAn inflammatory response occurs after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and predicts poor outcomes. Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation and promote fluid retention. Dexamethasone is often administered after aSAH for postoperative cerebral edema and refractory headache. Our objective was to examine the impact of dexamethasone use on functional outcomes and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aSAH.MethodsPatients with aSAH admitted between 2010 and 2015 were included; the data source was a single-center subarachnoid hemorrhage registry. The intervention of interest was a dexamethasone taper used <7 days from ictus. The primary outcome was poor discharge functional outcome, with a modified Rankin Scale score >3. Other outcomes included DCI and infection. A propensity score for use of dexamethasone was calculated using a logistic regression model that included potential predictors of dexamethasone use and outcome. The impact of dexamethasone on outcomes of interest was calculated and the propensity score was controlled for.ResultsA total of 440 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were admitted during the study period and 309 met eligibility criteria. Dexamethasone was administered in 101 patients (33%). A total of 127 patients (41%) had a discharge modified Rankin Scale score >3, 105 (34%) developed DCI, and 94 (30%) developed an infection. After propensity score analysis, dexamethasone use was associated with a significant reduction in poor functional outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-0.66) but showed no significant association with DCI (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.53-1.64) or infection (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.34-1.06).ConclusionsDexamethasone use after aSAH was associated with a reduction in poor functional outcomes at discharge but not DCI, controlling for predictors of dexamethasone use.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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