• K D Oliveira, G P Fraga, E C E Baracat, A M Morcillo, R Lanaro, J L Costa, E M Capitani, F Bucaretchi, A I Ferreira Filho, V C Gimenes, and R C S de Azevedo.
• Division of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. karina.dinizoliveira@gmail.com.
• Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2019 Feb 1; 45 (1): 159-165.

PurposeThe abuse of cocaine and its derivatives presents a likely risk factor for injury. Trauma incurred by cocaine and derivative abusers may be more severe than that incurred by non-users.ObjectivesTo ascertain the presence of cocaine and its derivatives in trauma patients and to correlate RTS (Revised Trauma Score) and ISS (Injury Severity Score) with the presence of cocaine and its derivatives in blood and urine samples.MethodsAll trauma victims treated in an emergency unit between November 11, 2012 and September 15, 2013 were included in the study. Blood and urine samples were collected on admission to hospital. RTS and ISS scores were then compared with the presence or absence of cocaine and its derivatives in the samples. The associations between RTS < 7.84 and ISS > 16 and the independent variables were evaluated by the gross odds ratio values, determined by univariate logistic regression. Multivariate analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOf 453 patients (83.7% male) included in the study, 28.6% presented ISS > 16 and 33.6% presented RTS < 7.84. A total of 435 samples were collected, and 86 (19.8%) provided positive samples for cocaine, 48 (11%) for crack and 69 (15.9%) for cocaethylene. Compared to other patients, drug users showed a greater probability of RTS < 7.84 (2.18 times greater) and a greater probability of ISS > 16 (1.76 times greater).ConclusionFor the trauma patients included in our study, the use of cocaine and its derivatives was shown to be associated with more severe traumas, as demonstrated by their RTS and ISS scores.

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