• John T Berger, Michele E Villalobos, Amy E Clark, Richard Holubkov, Murray M Pollack, Robert A Berg, Joseph A Carcillo, Heidi Dalton, Rick Harrison, Kathleen L Meert, NewthChristopher J LCJLDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA., Thomas P Shanley, David L Wessel, AnandKanwaljeet J SKJSDepartment of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis. TN., Jerry J Zimmerman, Ronald C Sanders, Teresa Liu, Jeri S Burr, Douglas F Willson, Allan Doctor, J Michael Dean, Tammara L Jenkins, Carol E Nicholson, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network.
• Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2018 Feb 1; 19 (2): 899789-97.

ObjectivesPertussis can cause life-threatening illness in infants. Data regarding neurodevelopment after pertussis remain scant. The aim of this study was to assess cognitive development of infants with critical pertussis 1 year after PICU discharge.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingEight hospitals comprising the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network and 18 additional sites across the United States.PatientsEligible patients had laboratory confirmation of pertussis infection, were less than 1 year old, and were admitted to the PICU for at least 24 hours.InterventionsThe Mullen Scales of Early Learning was administered at a 1-year follow-up visit. Functional status was determined by examination and parental interview.Measurements And Main ResultsOf 196 eligible patients, 111 (57%) completed the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. The mean scores for visual reception, receptive language, and expressive language domains were significantly lower than the norms (p < 0.001), but not fine and gross motor domains. Forty-one patients (37%) had abnormal scores in at least one domain and 10 (9%) had an Early Learning Composite score 2 or more SDs below the population norms. Older age (p < 0.003) and Hispanic ethnicity (p < 0.008) were associated with lower mean Early Learning Composite score, but presenting symptoms and PICU course were not.ConclusionsInfants who survive critical pertussis often have neurodevelopmental deficits. These infants may benefit from routine neurodevelopmental screening.

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