• Sharan Wadhwani, Peter Loughenbury, and Roger Soames.
• School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
• Spine. 2004 Mar 15; 29 (6): 623-7.

Study DesignA dissection-based study of 18 embalmed cadavers (7 male, 11 female), mean age 84 (+/-8.4) years.ObjectiveTo determine the morphology and morphometry of the anterior dural (Hofmann) ligaments.Summary Of Background DataThe attachment of the posterior longitudinal ligament to the dura mater is poorly understood. Anterior dural ligaments connect the anterior dura to the deep layer of the posterior longitudinal ligament, but appear to be limited to the lumbar region and have been observed to have a craniocaudal orientation. Their function is reported to help in supporting and protecting the dural sac and spinal cord.MethodsThe spinal canal was opened exposing the dural sac, the spinal nerve roots incised, and spinal cord removed to mobilize the dural sac and gain access to Hofmann ligaments. The extent, orientation, length, and level of origin and insertion of the ligaments were documented.ResultsThe orientation of the ligaments changed from caudocranial (dura to posterior longitudinal ligament) at upper thoracic levels to transverse at the level of T8-T9 to craniocaudal at lower thoracic and lumbar levels, often with multiple ligaments being present at a single level. Ligament length varied from 0.5 to 28.8 mm and was positively correlated with vertebral level and negatively correlated with orientation.ConclusionsHofmann ligaments are present at most levels between C7 and L5; although most ligaments were limited to a single vertebral segment, some were observed to cross several segments.

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