• Mark A Palumbo, Kalpit N Shah, Craig P Eberson, Robert A Hart, and Alan H Daniels.
• Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 2 Dudley St, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
• Spine J. 2015 Jun 1; 15 (6): 1409-14.

Background ContextInstrumentation failure is a recognized complication after complex spinal reconstruction and deformity correction. Rod fracture (RF) is the most frequent mode of hardware failure in long-segment spinal fusion surgery. This complication can negatively impact the clinical outcome by producing spinal pain, functional compromise, instability, and loss of deformity correction.PurposeTo describe the outrigger rod surgical technique.Study DesignReview of literature, case review, and surgical technique description.Patient SampleTwo clinical cases are presented.Outcome MeasuresRod fracture.MethodsOutrigger rod placement in posterior spinal arthrodesis is performed by supplementing primary spinal rods with outrigger rods attached with cranial and caudal side-by-side connectors providing a more robust construct.ResultsThis technique may be beneficial for preventing RF in patients undergoing surgery for three-column osteotomy for sagittal imbalance; pseudarthrosis surgery with previous hardware failure; transforaminal lumbar interbody cage placement at multiple levels in realignment procedures, long-segment spinal arthrodesis with impaired host fusion potential; long-segment instrumented fusions that span the cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, or lumbosacral junction; and across spinal segments at high risk for RF (eg, after extensive resection of vertebral elements in the management of metastatic malignancy).ConclusionsThe risk of rod failure is substantial in the setting of long-segment spinal arthrodesis and corrective osteotomy. Efforts to increase the mechanical strength of posterior constructs may reduce the occurrence of this complication. The outrigger rod technique increases spinal construct stiffness and may improve the longevity of the construct. This technique should reduce the rate of device failure during maturation of posterior fusion mass and limit the need for supplemental anterior column support.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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