• J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother · Mar 2015

    Chronic opioid pain management for chronic kidney disease.

    • Vittal R Nagar and Pravardhan Birthi.
    • J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2015 Mar 1; 29 (1): 48-50.

    AbstractQuestions from patients about pain conditions, pain treatment, and responses from authors are presented to help educate patients and make them effective self-advocates. The topics addressed in this issue are renal or kidney failure and chronic pain management with opioids, morphine, and oxycodone effect in the body over a period of time. This includes process of absorption, distribution, localization in tissues, biotransformation and excretion in chronic kidney disease, expected side effects and recommendations.

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