• Pei-Hsun Sung, Fan-Yen Lee, Meng-Shen Tong, John Y Chiang, Sung-Nan Pei, Ming-Chun Ma, Yi-Chen Li, Yung-Lung Chen, Chiung-Jen Wu, Jiunn-Jye Sheu, Mel S Lee, and Hon-Kan Yip.
• Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
• Crit. Care Med. 2018 May 1; 46 (5): e411-e418.

ObjectivesThis study investigated the clinical and angiographic long-term outcomes of intracoronary transfusion of circulation-derived CD34+ cells for patients with end-stage diffuse coronary artery disease unsuitable for coronary intervention.Design And SettingA single-center prospective randomized double-blinded phase I clinical trial. Thirty-eight patients undergoing CD34+ cell therapy were allocated into groups 1 (1.0 × 10 cells/each vessel; n = 18) and 2 (3.0 × 10 cells/each vessel; n = 20).PatientsThose with end-stage diffuse coronary artery disease were unsuitable for percutaneous and surgical coronary revascularization.InterventionsIntracoronary delivery of circulation-derived CD34+ cells.Measurements And Main ResultsWe prospectively evaluated long-term clinical and echocardiographic/angiographic outcomes between survivors and nonsurvivors. By the end of 5-year follow-up, the survival rate and major adverse cardio/cerebrovascular event were 78.9% (30/38) and 36.8% (14/38), respectively. During follow-up period, 31.6% patients (12/38) received coronary stenting for reason of sufficient target vessel size grown-up after the treatment. Endothelial function was significantly reduced in the nonsurvivors than the survivors (p = 0.039). Wimasis image analysis of angiographic findings showed that the angiogenesis was significantly and progressively increased from baseline to 1 and 5 years (all p < 0.001). The 3D echocardiography showed left ventricular ejection fraction increased from baseline to 1 year and then remained stable up to 5 years, whereas left ventricular chamber diameter exhibited an opposite pattern to left ventricular ejection fraction among the survivors. The clinical scores for angina and heart failure were significantly progressively reduced from baseline to 1 and 5 years (all p < 0.001).ConclusionsCD34+ cell therapy for end-stage diffuse coronary artery disease patients might contribute to persistently long-term effects on improvement of left ventricular function, angina/heart failure, and amelioration of left ventricular remodeling.

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