• Gerard M Turino, Shuren Ma, Yong Y Lin, and Jerome O Cantor.
• Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai-St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY. Electronic address: gmt1@columbia.edu.
• Chest. 2018 Apr 1; 153 (4): 792-798.

AbstractInsights into the clinical course of COPD indicate the need for new therapies for this condition. The discovery of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) led to the protease-antiprotease imbalance hypothesis, which was applied to COPD related to AATD as well as COPD not related to AATD. The discovery of AATD brought recognition to the importance of elastin fibers in maintaining lung matrix structure. Two cross-linking amino acids, desmosine and isodesmosine (DI), are unique to mature elastin and can serve as biomarkers of the degradation of elastin. The intravenous augmentation treatment and lung density in severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (RAPID) study shows a correlation of an anatomic index of COPD (on CT imaging) correlating with a chemical indicator of matrix injury in COPD, DI. The results suggest that preservation of lung elastin structure may slow the progression of COPD. Hyaluronan aerosol decreases the severity of elastase-induced emphysema in animals and has induced reductions in DI levels in preliminary human studies. Hyaluronan deserves further development as a therapy for COPD.Copyright © 2017 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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