• Hervé Dupont, Sandra Marciniak, Elie Zogheib, Hedi Mammeri, Arnaud Friggeri, Nacim Ammenouche, Mélanie Levrard, Norair Airapetian, François Tinturier, and Yazine Mahjoub.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France; Inserm U1088, University of Picardy - Jules-Verne, Amiens, France. Electronic address: dupont.herve@chu-amiens.fr.
• Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2015 Jun 1; 34 (3): 141-4.

ObjectivesResistance to all β-lactams is emerging among Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) clinical isolates. Aztreonam and cefepime act synergistically in vitro against AmpC overproducing PA isolates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this treatment in ICU patients infected with multidrug-resistant PA.Material And MethodsRetrospective study (2 years, 2 ICUs) in a tertiary university hospital. Inclusion criteria were proven infection with evidence of a bacterial strain of PA resistant to all β-lactams and treated with the association of at least aztreonam plus cefepime. Treatment was considered effective for pneumonia using CPIS scores at the end of treatment and for other infections, using the SOFA score and signs of infection improvement at the end of treatment. Infectious episodes were classified as cure or failure.ResultsThirteen patients were included (10 nosocomial pneumonia, 3 nosocomial intra-abdominal infections). The median [25th-75th percentiles] admission SAPS2 score was 54 [51-69] and the median SOFA score at the beginning of infection was 7 [4-8]. The median CPIS scores for pneumonia at the beginning and end of treatment were 9 [7-10.5] and 2 [0.75-5.5]. The duration of treatment with the combination of aztreonam plus cefepime was 14 days [9.5-16]. Nine episodes were classified as cures and 4 as failures, indicating a clinical efficacy of 69.2%. Overall mortality was 38.5%.DiscussionThese data suggest that the association of cefepime plus aztreonam could be an attractive alternative in the treatment of infections with multidrug-resistant PA to all β-lactams with a clinical efficacy rate of 69%.Copyright © 2015 Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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