• Khairul Majumder, Sten Nilsson, Hemming Johansson, Anders Ullén, Bo Lennernäs, Mia Bergenmar, and Yvonne Brandberg.
• Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: khairul.majumder@karolinska.se.
• Eur. J. Cancer. 2016 Sep 1; 65: 43-51.

PurposeTo prospectively study differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with localised/locally advanced prostate cancer (PC) treated with curative intended radiation therapy and randomised to androgen receptor inhibitor monotherapy treatment versus castration plus an androgen receptor inhibitor used continuously. Time to Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) relapse, time to symptomatic metastasis and overall survival (OS) were also described for the two groups.Patients And MethodsFrom 2005 to 2011, a total of 110 patients were randomised at a ratio of 1:1. HRQoL was assessed at six time points: before randomisation, before radiotherapy (RT) start and 9, 12, 15 and 18 months after randomisation, using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC QLQ-PR25.ResultsAt the 3-month follow-up, statistically significant differences between the two groups were found for overall quality of life (p = 0.006), fatigue (p = 0.023), sexual interest (p < 0.001) and urinary problems (p = 0.036). Small clinical differences were noted for overall quality of life, role functioning, fatigue, pain, sleeping problems and urinary problems. At that assessment point, clinical differences between the groups were substantial regarding sexual interest and moderate regarding sexual functioning (the latter indicated only by patients reporting having sexual interest at baseline). All statistical and clinical differences favoured the androgen receptor inhibitor monotherapy arm. At 18 months after randomisation, statistically significant differences were found for cognitive functioning (p = 0.040) and sexual interest (p = 0.011), both favouring the androgen receptor inhibitor monotherapy arm.ConclusionThe results suggest that neo-adjuvant androgen receptor inhibitor monotherapy might be preferred compared to castration plus an androgen receptor inhibitor before curative intended RT in men with localised/locally advanced PC, with higher levels of HRQoL, especially concerning sexual interest. HRQoL differences over time were small. The observation time and study sample were too small for evaluating time to PSA progression and OS. Further studies are needed to confirm the results. The study was registered in, identification number NCT02382094.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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