• J Emerg Med · Nov 1990

    Historical Article

    The beginnings of urban ambulance service in the United States and England.

    • J S Haller.
    • Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901.
    • J Emerg Med. 1990 Nov 1; 8 (6): 743-55.

    AbstractUrban ambulance systems emerged in the second half of the 19th century as an outgrowth of military experiences in both Europe and America. Developing first in cities such as Cleveland and New York, these systems quickly adapted to the urban environment, and modifications in ambulance construction and procedures soon followed. Since first-aid texts for urban ambulances were rare, military texts on battlefield medicine were adapted to emergency medicine in civilian accidents.

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