• Nor Arfuzir Natasha Najwa NN a Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus , Selangor , Malaysia., Renu Agarwal, Igor Iezhitsa, Puneet Agarwal, Sabrilhakim Sidek, Alexander Spasov, Alexander Ozerov, and Mohd Ismail Nafeeza N a Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus , Selangor , Malaysia..
• a Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus , Selangor , Malaysia.
• Curr. Eye Res. 2018 Aug 1; 43 (8): 1032-1040.

PurposeRetinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma is associated with elevated levels of endothelin-1 (ET1), a potent vasoconstrictor. ET1-induced retinal ischemia leads to altered expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms leading to increased formation of nitric oxide (NO) and retinal nitrosative stress. Since magnesium (Mg) is known to improve endothelial functions and reduce oxidative stress and taurine (TAU) possesses potent antioxidant properties, we investigated the protective effects of magnesium acetyltaurate (MgAT) against ET1-induced nitrosative stress and retinal damage in rats. We also compared the effects of MgAT with that of TAU alone.MethodsSprague Dawley rats were intravitreally injected with ET1. MgAT and TAU were administered as pre-, co-, or posttreatment. Subsequently, the expression of NOS isoforms was detected in retina by immunohistochemistry, retinal nitrotyrosine level was estimated using ELISA, and retinal cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.ResultsIntravitreal ET1 caused a significant increase in the expressions of nNOS and iNOS while eNOS expression was significantly reduced compared to vehicle treated group. Administration of both MgAT and TAU restored the altered levels of NOS isoform expression, reduced retinal nitrosative stress and retinal cell apoptosis. The effect of MgAT, however, was greater than that of TAU alone.ConclusionsMgAT and TAU prevent ET1-induced retinal cell apoptosis by reducing retinal nitrosative stress in Sprague Dawley rats. Addition of TAU to Mg seems to enhance the efficacy of TAU compared to when given alone. Moreover, the pretreatment with MgAT/TAU showed higher efficacy compared to co- or posttreatment.

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