• Pedro Jesus Saturno, Daniel Ángel-García, Ismael Martínez-Nicolás, Francisco López Soriano, Maria Pilar Escolar Reina, María Beatriz Guerrero Díaz, María Encarnación Ros Martínez, Francesc Medina Mirapeix, and Mayo Saturno Marcos.
• Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
• Pain Pract. 2019 Jan 1; 19 (1): 37-51.

ObjectivesThis study was designed to address the current relative void of valid measures by developing evidence-based quality indicators for pain management of chronic nonmalignant pain.MethodsWe performed a 10-year literature search to identify guidelines and review articles on chronic pain management to identify evidence-based recommendations for the different conditions associated to chronic pain. A complementary search of indicators and indicator-related articles was also performed. Then, we built new indicators or adapted existing ones to cover all the evidence-based recommendations we found. The resulting set was pilot tested for feasibility, reliability (kappa), and usefulness to identify quality problems, using the Lot Quality Acceptance method (α ≤ 0.05 and β ≤ 0.01) for 75% (40% threshold) and 95% (70% threshold) compliance standards, and estimates with binomial exact 95% confidence intervals. We reviewed clinical records from a primary care center, a medium-size hospital (250 beds), and a large hospital (500 beds).ResultsForty-six indicators were developed (6 general and 40 condition specific). Thirty-three were feasible in primary care and/or hospitals. Feasible indicators were also reliable (most kappa > 0.7). Regarding compliance, 4 quality indicators obtained compliance levels over 60%, addressing pharmacological treatment, multimodal approach, and appropriate use of neuro-image tests, while 16 obtained compliance scores under 15% (6 with 0% compliance).ConclusionsThe created set has tested to be feasible, reliable, and useful, with the capacity to serve as the baseline for developing the necessary strategies to improve the management of chronic nonmalignant pain, by monitoring and evaluating quality of care.© 2018 World Institute of Pain.

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