• Guang-Heng Xiang, Min-Ji Tong, Chao Lou, Si-Pin Zhu, Wei Jun Guo, and Chen Rong Ke.
• Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
• Pain Physician. 2018 May 1; 21 (3): 209-218.

BackgroundAn increasing number of studies have been conducted to apply unilateral balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of ostroporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). However, the efficacy and safety of unilateral kyphoplasty and whether a unilateral or a bilateral approach is superior is controversial.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of unilateral balloon kyphoplasty and use meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of unilateral and bilateral kyphoplasty in patients with OVCFs.Study DesignA systematic literature search was conducted from 1970 to April 2017 using Medline database and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Articles were limited to those published in English. Randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized comparative studies were also included.SettingThe following search terms were used: "osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures," or "OVCF," and "unilateral kyphoplasty," or "unipedicular approach," or "single balloon kyphoplasty," or "one balloon kyphoplasty." A comprehensive search of reference lists of retrieved articles and previous published reviews was also performed to ensure inclusion of all possible studies.MethodsAll potential articles were independently reviewed by 2 investigators for inclusion into the final analysis. MINORS score was used for nonrandomized studies, and Detsky quality index was applied for prospective randomized controlled trials. Systematic review and meta-analysis was performed for the included studies.ResultsAfter unilateral balloon kyphoplasty the mean postoperative visual analog score (VAS) was from 1.74 to 4.77, mean postoperative kyphotic angle was from 5.9º to 11.22º, and complications involving cement leaks was from 6.8 to 21.9% or adjacent level fractures was from 0 to 5.6%). Unilateral kyphoplasty had significantly lower operative time, and less bone cement volume; however, the postoperative VAS, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), vertebral height restoration rate, and cement leakage and adjacent vertebral fracture rate, were similar to bilateral kyphoplasty.LimitationsOnly 6 randomized controlled trials and 3 retrospective comparative studies were selected for analysis. Heterogeneity was detected among the studies when we pooled the outcomes.ConclusionsBased on the available evidence, the clinical and radiological results of unilateral balloon kyphoplasty were as good as those of bilateral balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of OVCFs. And unilateral kyphoplasty had advantages in terms of operation time, radiation exposure, and cost.Key WordsUnilateral balloon kyphoplasty, bilateral balloon kyphoplasty, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, complications of balloon kyphoplasty, meta-analysis.

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