• Kei Noguchi, Takachika Aoki, Kimihiko Orito, Soushou Kajiwara, Kana Fujimori, and Motohiro Morioka.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
• World Neurosurg. 2018 Dec 1; 120: 168-175.

BackgroundDirect and/or indirect bypass surgery is the established approach for preventing stroke in patients with moyamoya disease. However, conventional indirect revascularization, including encephalo-myo-synangiosis, has some disadvantages associated with the mass effect of the temporal muscle under the bone flap and postsurgical depression in the temporal region. We devised a novel indirect revascularization method, using only the temporal fascia, to address the aforementioned disadvantages.MethodsA skin incision was performed along the superficial temporal artery. The temporal fascia was cut such that the base of the fascia flap was on the posterior side. The fascia and temporal muscles were dissected separately. After turning over the fascia, the muscle was cut such that the base of the muscle flap was on the anterior side. Craniotomy, direct bypass, and encephalo-duro-synangiosis were performed conventionally. Only the temporal fascia was used for indirect revascularization and duraplasty. The muscle was replaced in the anatomically correct position after replacing the bone flap.ResultsWe performed the aforementioned surgery on 18 (13 women and 5 men) consecutive patients (21 cerebral hemispheres) enrolled between 2012 and 2016. The average age was 28.7 years. The mean follow-up period was 31.6 months. In 17 patients (94%), the symptoms and cerebral blood flow improved. Digital subtraction angiography showed satisfactory angiogenesis from the temporal fascia. Depression in the temporal region and atrophy of the temporal muscle were negligible.ConclusionsThis surgical technique provides good clinical and cosmetic outcomes. It may also be one of the good surgical treatments available for symptomatic moyamoya disease.Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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