• Ian A Buchanan, Kristine Ravina, Ben Strickland, Vance Fredrickson, Rosemary She, Anna Mathew, Robert Rennert, and Jonathan J Russin.
• Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA. Electronic address: ianbuchanan07@gmail.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2019 Jan 1; 121: 117-123.

BackgroundCoccidioidal meningitis can progress to vasculitis with aneurysm formation. Although aneurysmogenesis is rare, it carries exceptionally high mortality. Except in one instance, prior case reports have documented universally fatal consequences.Case DescriptionA 26-year-old man developed disseminated coccidioidomycosis with formation of multiple aneurysms throughout the anterior intracranial vasculature bilaterally. This report is unique in that it chronicles the formation and subsequent spontaneous thrombosis of several aneurysms over a 4-week period. In total 10 aneurysms were documented in the same patient-the highest reported to date. The patient was eventually discharged from the hospital for what has heretofore been a universally fatal disease process. Neurologic examination and vascular imaging 1 month after discharge demonstrated stable findings.ConclusionsCoccidioidal aneurysms carry a high mortality. The mainstay of therapy remains lifelong triazole antifungal therapy with the addition of liposomal amphotericin in cases of treatment failure. Steroid use is controversial but should be considered whenever there is vascular involvement. Although watchful waiting is reasonable in light of the possibility of spontaneous thrombosis with medical management, dynamic changes in aneurysm size or configuration should prompt timely endovascular or operative interventions.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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