• Lisa Doan, Hersh Patel, Yeseniya Aronova, and Christopher Gharibo.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY.
• Pain Physician. 2018 Sep 1; 21 (5): E493-E499.

BackgroundPrevious surveys have identified variations in practice patterns related to epidural steroid injections. Since then, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required the addition of drug warning labels for injectable corticosteroids. Updated evidence, as well as scrutiny from regulatory agencies, may affect practice patterns.ObjectiveTo provide an update on interlaminar epidural steroid injection (ILESI) practice patterns, we surveyed interventional pain management (IPM) physicians in the United States.Study Design And SettingThis was a cross-sectional survey of IPM physicians in the United States.MethodsA web-based survey was distributed to IPM physicians in the United States selected from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited pain medicine fellowship program list as well as the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians membership database. Physicians were queried about ILESI practices, including needle size, use of image guidance, level of injection, identification of the epidural space, and preference for injectate.ResultsA total of 249 responses were analyzed. All respondents used image guidance for ILESI. There were variations in needle size, use of contrast, number of fluoroscopic views utilized, technique for identifying the epidural space, and choice of injectate.LimitationsThe response rate is a limitation, thus the results may not be representative of all United States IPM physicians.ConclusionsThough all respondents used image guidance for ILESI, variations in other ILESI practices still exist. Since the closure of this survey, a multi-society pain workgroup published recommendations regarding ESI practices. Our survey findings support the need for more evidence-based guidelines regarding ESI.Key WordsEpidural injection, epidural steroids, survey, low back pain, neck pain, technique.

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