• Xiao-Dong Liang, Zi-Liang Wang, Tian-Xiao Li, Ying-Kun He, Wei-Xing Bai, Yang-Yang Wang, and Guo-Yu Zhou.
• Department of Interventional Therapy Center, Stroke Center, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
• J Neurointerv Surg. 2016 Nov 1; 8 (11): 1148-1153.

BackgroundCoil embolization of intracranial aneurysms is being increasingly used; however, thromboembolic events have become a major periprocedural complication.ObjectiveTo determine the safety and efficacy of prophylactic tirofiban in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.MethodsTirofiban was administered as an intravenous bolus (8.0 μg/kg over 3 min) followed by a maintenance infusion (0.10 μg/kg/min) before stent deployment or after completion of single coiling. Dual oral antiplatelet therapy (loading doses) was overlapped with half the tirofiban dose 2 h before cessation of the tirofiban infusion. Cases of intracranial hemorrhage or thromboembolism were recorded.ResultsTirofiban was prophylactically used in 221 patients, including 175 (79.19%) who underwent stent-assisted coiling and 46 (20.81%) who underwent single coiling, all in the setting of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Six (2.71%) cases of intracranial hemorrhage occurred, including four (1.81%) tirofiban-related cases and two (0.90%) antiplatelet therapy-related cases. There were two (0.90%) cases of fatal hemorrhage, one related to tirofiban and the other related to dual antiplatelet therapy. Thromboembolic events occurred in seven (3.17%) patients (6 stent-assisted embolization, 1 single coiling), of which one (0.45%) event occurred during stenting and six (2.72%) occurred during intravenous tirofiban maintenance. No thromboembolic events related to dual antiplatelet therapy were found.ConclusionsTirofiban bolus over 3 min followed by maintenance infusion appears to be a safe and efficient prophylactic protocol for the endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms and may be an alternative to intraoperative oral antiplatelet therapy, especially in the case of stent-assisted embolization.Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

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