• Luis Zapata, Ernest J Wright, and Peter Nakaji.
• Hospital Antonio Lenin Fonseca, Managua, Nicaragua.
• World Neurosurg. 2018 Aug 1; 116: 140-143.

BackgroundThe neurosurgical literature rarely describes managing open head injuries caused by machetes, although this is a common head injury in developing countries. We present our experience managing cranial machete injuries in Nicaragua over a 5-year period.MethodsA retrospective chart review identified patients admitted to a neurosurgery service for cranial machete injury.ResultsAmong 51 patients studied, the majority (n = 42, 82%) presented with mild neurologic deficits (Glasgow Coma Scale score ≥14). Nondepressed skull fracture (25/37, 68%) was the most common injury identified on skull radiography, and pneumocephalus (15/29, 52%) was the most common injury identified with computed tomography. Overall, 38 patients (75%) underwent surgical intervention for 1 or more conditions, including laceration length ≥10 cm (n = 20), open intracranial wound (n = 8), pneumocephalus (n = 7), cerebral contusion (n = 6), intracranial hemorrhage (n = 5), and depressed fracture (n = 5). All patients received aggressive antibiotic therapy. Patients without intracranial injury received a 7-day course of intravenous ceftriaxone, followed by a 10-day course of oral ciprofloxacin. Patients with violation of the dura received a 7- to 14-day course of intravenous metronidazole, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin, followed by a 10-day course of oral ciprofloxacin. Postoperative complications included a visible skull defect (n = 6), infection (n = 3), and unspecified neurologic (n = 2) and mixed (n = 1) complications. At discharge, most patients had only minimal disabilities (47/51, 92%). In-hospital mortality rate was zero.ConclusionsAn aggressive approach to managing open head injury caused by machete yields good outcomes, with the majority of patients experiencing minimal disability at hospital discharge and a low rate of infection.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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