• Stéphane Gaudry, David Hajage, Frédérique Schortgen, Laurent Martin-Lefevre, Charles Verney, Bertrand Pons, Eric Boulet, Alexandre Boyer, Guillaume Chevrel, Nicolas Lerolle, Dorothée Carpentier, Nicolas de Prost, Alexandre Lautrette, Anne Bretagnol, Julien Mayaux, Saad Nseir, Bruno Megarbane, Marina Thirion, Jean-Marie Forel, Julien Maizel, Hodane Yonis, Philippe Markowicz, Guillaume Thiery, Florence Tubach, Jean-Damien Ricard, and Didier Dreyfuss.
• 1 Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Colombes, France.
• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2018 Jul 1; 198 (1): 58-66.

RationaleThe optimal strategy for initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with severe acute kidney injury in the context of septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unknown.ObjectivesTo examine the effect of an early compared with a delayed RRT initiation strategy on 60-day mortality according to baseline sepsis status, ARDS status, and severity.MethodsPost hoc analysis of the AKIKI (Artificial Kidney Initiation in Kidney Injury) trial.Measurements And Main ResultsSubgroups were defined according to baseline characteristics: sepsis status (Sepsis-3 definition), ARDS status (Berlin definition), Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3), and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). Of 619 patients, 348 (56%) had septic shock and 207 (33%) had ARDS. We found no significant influence of the baseline sepsis status (P = 0.28), baseline ARDS status (P = 0.94), and baseline severity scores (P = 0.77 and P = 0.46 for SAPS 3 and SOFA, respectively) on the comparison of 60-day mortality according to RRT initiation strategy. A delayed RRT initiation strategy allowed 45% of patients with septic shock and 46% of patients with ARDS to escape RRT. Urine output was higher in the delayed group. Renal function recovery occurred earlier with the delayed RRT strategy in patients with septic shock or ARDS (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Time to successful extubation in patients with ARDS was not affected by RRT strategy (P = 0.43).ConclusionsEarly RRT initiation strategy was not associated with any improvement of 60-day mortality in patients with severe acute kidney injury and septic shock or ARDS. Unnecessary and potentially risky procedures might often be avoided in these fragile populations. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01932190).

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