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- Gouji Toyokawa, Yuichi Yamada, Tetsuzo Tagawa, Yuka Kozuma, Taichi Matsubara, Naoki Haratake, Shinkichi Takamori, Takaki Akamine, Yoshinao Oda, and Yoshihiko Maehara.
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. Electronic address: gouji104kawa@gmail.com.
- Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2018 Jun 1; 105 (6): 1655-1663.
Background"Spread through air spaces" (STAS) is a recently described invasive pattern of lung cancer that spreads within air spaces beyond the edge of the main tumor. In the current study, we investigated the significance of STAS in patients with pathologic stage I adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe assessed STAS in a total of 276 patients with resected pathologic stage I adenocarcinoma. STAS was classified as either no STAS, low STAS (1-4 single cells or clusters of STAS), or high STAS (≥5 single cells or clusters of STAS) using a 20x objective and a 10x ocular lens. We evaluated the association between STAS and the clinicopathologic characteristics and postoperative survivals.ResultsAmong 276 patients, 123 (44.6%), 48 (17.4%), and 105 (38.0%) were classified as having no, low, and high STAS, respectively. The positivity for STAS was significantly associated with larger radiologic tumor diameter (p = 0.008), higher consolidation/tumor ratio (p < 0.001), higher maximum standard uptake value (p < 0.001), pathologically larger tumor size (p = 0.004), pleural invasion (p = 0.027), and histologically invasive type (p < 0.001); whereas STAS was not significantly associated with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations or programmed death ligand-1 expression (p = 0.129 and p = 0.872, respectively). Patients with STAS had significantly shorter recurrence-free and overall survival than patients without STAS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). According to a multivariate analysis, positivity for STAS remained an independent prognostic factor for both recurrence-free survival and overall survival.ConclusionsSpread through air spaces was associated with clinicopathologically invasive features and was predictive of worse survival.Copyright © 2018 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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