• Laurent Puy, Melissa Tir, Michel Lefranc, Hugo Yaïche, Olivier Godefroy, and Pierre Krystkowiak.
• Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France. Electronic address: laurent.puy@hotmail.fr.
• World Neurosurg. 2018 Nov 1; 119: 63-65.

BackgroundIt is not clear whether cognitive adverse events can occur after subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease, and the putative mechanisms are poorly understood.Case DescriptionWe report on a rare case of a 68-year-old woman with Parkinson disease but no previous cognitive impairment. The day after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei, the woman presented with new-onset dementia and acute, severe, persistent, global cognitive decline, prompting a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease.ConclusionsIn patients seen in routine clinical practice, the simultaneous presence of several neurodegenerative diseases might not be uncommon. The assessment of mild cognitive impairment with a standardized method is highly recommended, a systematic 3-dimensional volumetric analysis of hippocampal structures should be part of the pre-deep brain stimulation evaluation, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers should be screened for if at least 1 of the 2 previously mentioned aspects is abnormal.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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