• Wei Gao, Ying-Nan Ju, Jian-Feng Chen, Qiang Zhou, Chun-Yu Song, Yue-Zhen Wang, Hong-Ling Cao, and Wan-Chao Yang.
• Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Education Department, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
• World Neurosurg. 2018 Nov 1; 119: e765-e773.

ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating neurologic injury and remains a major cause of death in the world. Secondary injury after TBI is associated with long-term disability in patients with TBI. This study evaluated adrenomedullin (AM) on secondary injury and neurologic functional outcome in rats after TBI.MethodsForty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: sham, TBI, and TBI with AM groups. TBI was induced by fluid percussion injury, and AM was intravenously injected. Neurologic function was examined at 2, 3, and 7 days after TBI. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-8 levels in the brain. Brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in brain tissue were tested. Western blot was used to examine the expression of aquaporin-4, phosphorylated myosin light-chain, and cleaved caspase-3. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling was used to test the apoptosis.ResultsCompared with the sham group, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, brain edema, BBB permeability, neurologic examination scores, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells, and expression of aquaporin-4, phosphorylated myosin light-chain, and cleaved caspase-3 significantly increased in the TBI group. AM treatment significantly inhibited TBI-induced effects.ConclusionsAM can improve neurologic function and ameliorate brain injury in rats with TBI. AM exerts its neuroprotective effect via its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effect.Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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