• Avichai Weissbach, Noy Zur, Eytan Kaplan, Gili Kadmon, Yulia Gendler, and Elhanan Nahum.
• Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2019 Jan 1; 20 (1): e10-e14.

ObjectivesAcute kidney injury in the critically ill pediatric population is associated with worse outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, associated clinical variables, and outcomes of acute kidney injury in children admitted to the PICU with diabetic ketoacidosis.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingPICU of a tertiary, university affiliated, pediatric medical center.PatientsAll children less than age 18 years with a primary diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to the PICU between November 2004 and October 2017.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsAcute kidney injury was categorized into three stages using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes scale. Of the 82 children who met the inclusion criteria, 24 (30%) had acute kidney injury: 18 (75%) stage 1, five (21%) stage 2, and one (4%) stage 3. None needed renal replacement therapy. Compared with the patients without acute kidney injury, the acute kidney injury group was characterized by higher mean admission serum levels of sodium (143.25 ± 9 vs 138.6 ± 4.9 mmol/L; p = 0.0035), lactate (29.4 ± 17.1 vs 24.1 ± 10.8 mg/dL; p = 0.005), and glucose (652 ± 223 vs 542 ± 151 mg/dL; p = 0.01). There was no between-group difference in length of PICU stay (1.38 ± 0.7 vs 1.4 ± 0.7 d; p = 0.95) or hospitalization (6.1 ± 2.1 vs 5.8 ± 5.6 d; p = 0.45). Kidney injury was documented at discharge in four patients with acute kidney injury (16.7%), all stage 1; all had normal creatinine levels at the first clinical outpatient follow-up. All 82 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis survived.ConclusionsIn this study, acute kidney injury was not uncommon in children with diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalized in the PICU. However, it was usually mild and not associated with longer hospitalization or residual kidney injury.

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