• Alberto Zangrillo, Gabriele Alvaro, Alessandro Belletti, Antonio Pisano, Luca Brazzi, Maria G Calabrò, Fabio Guarracino, Tiziana Bove, Evgeny V Grigoryev, Fabrizio Monaco, Vladimir A Boboshko, Valery V Likhvantsev, Anna M Scandroglio, Gianluca Paternoster, Rosalba Lembo, Samuele Frassoni, Marco Comis, Vadim V Pasyuga, Paolo Navalesi, Vladimir V Lomivorotov, and CHEETAH Study Group.
• Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2018 Oct 1; 32 (5): 2152-2159.

ObjectiveAcute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently after cardiac surgery. Levosimendan might reduce the incidence of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The authors investigated whether levosimendan administration could reduce AKI incidence in a high-risk cardiac surgical population.DesignPost hoc analysis of a multicenter randomized trial.SettingCardiac surgery operating rooms and intensive care units of 14 centers in 3 countries.ParticipantsThe study comprised 90 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and perioperative myocardial dysfunction.InterventionsPatients were assigned randomly to receive levosimendan (0.025-0.2 μg/kg/min) or placebo in addition to standard inotropic treatment.Measurements And Main ResultsForty-six patients were assigned to receive levosimendan and 44 to receive placebo. Postoperative AKI occurred in 14 (30%) patients in the levosimendan group versus 23 (52%) in the placebo group (absolute difference -21.8; 95% confidence interval -41.7 to -1.97; p = 0.035). The incidence of major complications also was lower (18 [39%]) in the levosimendan group versus that in the placebo group (29 [66%]) (absolute difference -26.8 [-46.7 to -6.90]; p = 0.011). A trend toward lower serum creatinine at intensive care unit discharge was observed in the levosimendan group (1.18 [0.99-1.49] mg/dL) versus that in the placebo group (1.39 [1.05-1.76] mg/dL) (95% confidence interval -0.23 [-0.49 to 0.01]; p = 0.07).ConclusionsLevosimendan may improve renal outcome in cardiac surgery patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing mitral valve surgery who develop perioperative myocardial dysfunction. Results of this exploratory analysis should be investigated in future properly designed randomized controlled trials.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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