• Joham Choque-Velasquez, Franklin Miranda-Solis, Roberto Colasanti, Luis Angel Ccahuantico-Choquevilca, and Juha Hernesniemi.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Alto Andina Anatomy and Physiology Research Center, National University of San Antonio Abad, Cusco, Italy. Electronic address: johchove@hotmail.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2018 Sep 1; 117: 195-198.

ObjectiveIn recent decades endoscopic techniques have been increasingly used in neurosurgery as they may offer a valuable close-up view of the working area through a minimally invasive surgical corridor. Herein, we present an inexpensive and efficient endoscopic surgical model using a borescope, which was used for a "modified pure endoscopic approach" to the pineal region.MethodsA borescope video camera was connected to a 16-inch personal computer monitor. A standard midline suboccipital craniotomy was performed on 2 cadaveric heads in the Concorde position. Then, a "borescopic" supracerebellar infratentorial approach was executed, thus reaching the pineal region, which was exposed through an extensive arachnoid dissection.ResultsUsing the previously described model, we were able to provide excellent exposure of the main neurovascular structures of the pineal region, as shown by the intraoperative videos. In 1 specimen we identified an incidental pineal cyst that was meticulously dissected and removed.ConclusionsOur proposed "borescopic" surgical model may represent an inexpensive and efficient alternative to conventional endoscopic techniques and could be used for training purposes, as well as even for clinical procedures, after a proper validation, particularly in economically challenging environments.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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