• Anna L Peters, Maike E van Hezel, Robert B Klanderman, Anita M Tuip-de Boer, W Joost Wiersinga, Anne H van der Spek, Robin van Bruggen, Dirk de Korte, Nicole P Juffermans, and Vlaar Alexander P J APJ Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .
• Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• Transfusion. 2017 Jun 1; 57 (6): 1359-1368.

BackgroundTransfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) encompasses immunosuppressive and proinflammatory effects induced by red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Changes that occur during storage in the RBC product have been hypothesized to underlie TRIM, mediated by tolerance of toll-like receptors (TLR). We investigated whether transfusion of 35-day-stored autologous RBCs alters cytokine production in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipotheic acid (LTA), in a clinically relevant model of endotoxemia.Study Design And MethodsEighteen volunteers received 2 ng/kg LPS intravenously, followed by normal saline or 2- or 35-day-stored autologous RBC transfusion. Before LPS, before transfusion, and 6 hours after transfusion blood was collected to measure cytokine gene expression. Whole blood was used for ex vivo stimulation with LPS and LTA, after which cytokine levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsIn vivo LPS induced a biphasic response in cytokine mRNA with peak values 2 hours after LPS infusion. Storage time of RBC transfusion did not influence cytokine mRNA levels. In vivo infusion of LPS resulted in tolerance for ex vivo stimulation with LPS and LTA. However, transfusion of either fresh or stored RBCs did not further affect the capacity to produce cytokines after ex vivo stimulation.ConclusionIn a clinically relevant model of human endotoxemia, autologous transfusion of 35-day-stored RBCs does not influence cytokine mRNA levels nor does it change the capacity of white blood cells in whole blood to produce cytokines after ex vivo stimulation with LPS or LTA.© 2017 The Authors Transfusion published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of AABB.

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