• Elif Gezginci, Emine Iyigun, Serdar Yalcin, Selahattin Bedir, and I Yasar Ozgok.
• University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: el_gez@hotmail.com.
• Pain Manag Nurs. 2018 Jun 1; 19 (3): 295-302.

BackgroundExtracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can cause pain and anxiety for patients. Despite the use of many distraction methods to reduce pain and anxiety, there is no study on the use of stress balls during lithotripsy.AimThe aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of use of stress balls and music therapy to reduce pain and anxiety during lithotripsy.DesignThis was a single-center, parallel randomized controlled trial.SettingsThe study involved the lithotripsy unit in a training and research hospital in Turkey.ParticipantsThe study included 120 patients who had kidney or ureter stones.MethodsThe patients were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (group 1) received no interference, whereas experimental groups received stress ball (group 2) and music (group 3) interventions during lithotripsy, respectively. Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, visual analog scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference among the three groups in regard to anxiety and pain mean scores (p > .05). No statistically significant difference was found between anxiety scores before and after lithotripsy in each group (p > .05), whereas there was a statistically significant difference between pain scores during and after lithotripsy (p < .05).ConclusionBased on the present study, no statistically significant difference was found between the use of stress balls and music in reducing pain and anxiety during lithotripsy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of stress balls used during lithotripsy.Copyright © 2017 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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