• A Siebe De Boer, Van Lieshout Esther M M EMM Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Gerson Van Moolenbroek, Dennis Den Hartog, and Verhofstad Michael H J MHJ Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands..
• Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.deboer@erasmusmc.nl.
• Injury. 2018 Apr 1; 49 (4): 743-752.

BackgroundPost-operative weightbearing guidelines for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF) have been pragmatically developed in the past, however hardly adapted to current health care insights. A period of six to nine weeks of non-weightbearing is usually recommended. It is unknown whether an earlier start of weightbearing is advisable.ObjectivesThe primary aim was to evaluate the effect of time to post-operative weightbearing on Böhler's angle. Secondary aims were to determine the effect on functional outcome (e.g., The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Scale), post-operative pain score, complications (e.g., infections, nonunion, implant removal), and revision surgeries. Finally, the effect of bone void filling on these outcomes was investigated.Data SourceA literature search was performed on January 24, 2017 in the Cochrane Library, Medline Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CINAHL.Literature SelectionStudies reporting on operatively treated patients with a DIACF and time to weightbearing were eligible for inclusion. Studies were excluded when not reporting primary data, solely reporting on open fractures, bilateral fractures, or polytrauma patients. Based upon the time to starting partial weightbearing, patient cohorts were stratified into very early (0-4 weeks), early (4-6 weeks), intermediate (6-8 weeks), or late (8-12 weeks) start of partial weightbearing.Data ExtractionTwo investigators extracted data independently using a predefined data sheet.ResultsAfter applying exclusion criteria, 72 studies remained eligible for analysis. Böhler's and Gissane's angles, calcaneal height, AOFAS, pain scores, and complications had overlapping confidence intervals in all weightbearing groups.ConclusionThe adverse sequelae which are assumed to be associated with starting partial weightbearing already within six weeks after internal fixation of calcaneal fractures, is not supported by literature data. This systematic review suggests that early weightbearing does not result in impaired outcomes compared with more conservative weightbearing regimes.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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