• E S Debus, A Larena-Avellaneda, C Markus, M Anetseder, R Moll, S Fichtner-Feigl, and S Franke.
• Abteilung für Allgemein-, Gefäss- und Viszeralchirurgie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Harburg, Hamburg.
• Zentralbl Chir. 2003 Sep 1; 128 (9): 746-9.

IntroductionFixed intravasal catheters are mainly caused by knots. Removal can be achieved by intervention or surgical exploration, but this is associated with additional morbidity and mortality.Methods2 patients were operated for knotted catheters in our institution during the last 2 years, and their records are demonstrated. Treatment options, possible complications, catheter types and locations of knotting are analyzed by a medline search.Resultsthe search revealed the data from 115 patients. 53 (46.1%) of all "lost" catheters were Swan-Ganz catheters. In 60.9% the catheters could be removed by radiological interventions. Open revision was necessary in 33% of all cases. The catheters were left in place when the clinical condition of the patient did not allow removal (n = 7). However, these patients suffered from a high mortality (5 of 7 patients). Over all mortality reached 8.7%. In the own two cases one removal by sternotomy and one by exploration of the right internal jugular vein were necessary, both operations succeeded without complications.ConclusionMost of all "lost" intravasal catheters are removed by radiological intervention; only one third needs open surgical therapy. These procedures are harmful for the patient and bear considerable risks for complications.

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