• Zachary O'Brien, Alan Cass, Louise Cole, Simon Finfer, Martin Gallagher, Colin McArthur, Shay McGuiness, John Myburgh, Rinaldo Bellomo, Johan Mårtensson, and RENAL Study Investigators and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Clinical Trials Group.
• Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• J Crit Care. 2019 Feb 1; 49: 70-76.

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between sex and mortality and whether menopause or the intensity of renal replacement therapy (RRT) modify this relationship in patients with severe septic acute kidney injury (AKI).Materials And MethodsPost-hoc analysis of patients with sepsis included in the Randomized Evaluation of Normal versus Augmented Level renal replacement therapy (RENAL) trial.ResultsOf 724 patients, 458 (63.3%) were male and 266 (36.7%) were female. The mean delivered effluent flow rate was 25.6 ± 7.4 ml/kg/h (80 ± 15% of prescribed dose) in males and 27.4 ± 7.6 ml/kg/h (83 ± 15% of prescribed dose) in females (p = .01). A total of 237 (51.7%) males and 118 (44.5%) females died within 90 days of randomization (p = .06). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for 90-day mortality was significantly decreased in females as compared with males (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.96, p = .02). The relationship between sex and mortality was not significantly altered by menopausal status (adjusted P value for interaction 0.99) or by RRT intensity allocation (adjusted P value for interaction 0.27).ConclusionsIn a cohort of patients with sepsis and severe AKI, female sex was associated with improved survival. The relationship between sex and survival was not altered by menopausal status or RRT intensity.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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