• Rethy K Chhem, Pierre Schmit, and Clement Fauré.
• Paleoradiology Research Unit, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont. rethy.chhem@lhsc.on.ca
• Can Assoc Radiol J. 2004 Oct 1; 55 (4): 211-7.

ObjectiveTo challenge the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis in the mummy of Ramesses II that was suggested about 30 years ago and to propose a differential diagnosis for the changes that were detected in the mummy's spine and pelvis.MethodsWe read and interpreted both the published and unpublished radiographs of the mummy.ResultsChanges in the mummy's spine and pelvis included ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament at the cervical spine level, ossified enthesopathy of both the right and left rectus femoris tendons as well as the right ischial tuberosity, a large osteophyte at both acetabula margins, no ankylosis of the cervical apophyseal joints and no ankylosis of the right sacroiliac joint.ConclusionThe radiologic evidence does not support the claim that Ramesses II had ankylosing spondylitis. Our radiologic reappraisal suggests instead the diagnosis of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. This new diagnosis needs to be validated by a computed tomographic scan of the mummy.

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