• Alberto Di Somma, José Luis Narros Gimenez, Jose Manuel Almarcha Bethencourt, Luigi Maria Cavallo, and Javier Márquez-Rivas.
• Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy. Electronic address: albertodisomma87@gmail.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2019 Feb 1; 122: 441-450.

AbstractDifferent tumors can be encountered in the paraventricular regions, and whereas their deep location often make them difficult to access surgically, they may be amenable to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Therefore, tumor biopsy and histologic diagnosis are mandatory to optimize treatment. Different technical procedures have been recommended; the neuroendoscopic approach is accepted and widely used, in particular with an enlarged ventricular system. However, specifically with paraventricular tumors, tissue sampling may be challenging. In such a scenario, the use of intraoperative ultrasonography technique can add some advantages regarding diagnostic accuracy and procedure safety. Accordingly, in this study we describe a novel technical procedure in 7 selected patients in whom tumor tissue biopsy was performed in a coupled neuroendoscopic and ultrasound-guided environment. We define a neuroendoscopic intraoperative ultrasound technique. The main advantages of this technique are the identification of the tumor that may not been clearly identified underneath the ventricular ependymal through the neuroendoscopic window alone, and furthermore, that this technique gives the possibility to detect the depth of the needle advance∖ment in the selected tissue while labeling the lesion beneath the ventricular ependyma. Moreover, intraoperative ultrasonography can reveal in a real-time fashion intracranial hemorrhages that may occur after tissue biopsy, therefore providing a useful tool to achieve valid and directed hemostasis when needed.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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