• Clin. Infect. Dis. · Nov 2005

    Should resistance testing be performed for treatment-naive HIV-infected patients? A cost-effectiveness analysis.

    • Paul E Sax, Runa Islam, Rochelle P Walensky, Elena Losina, Milton C Weinstein, Sue J Goldie, Sara N Sadownik, and Kenneth A Freedberg.
    • Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. psax@partners.org
    • Clin. Infect. Dis. 2005 Nov 1; 41 (9): 1316-23.

    BackgroundData from the United States and Europe show a population prevalence of baseline drug resistance of 8%-10% among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who are antiretroviral naive. Our objective was to determine the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of genotype resistance testing for treatment-naive patients with chronic HIV infection.MethodsWe utilized a state-transition model of HIV disease to project life expectancy, costs, and cost-effectiveness in a hypothetical cohort of antiretroviral-naive patients with chronic HIV infection. On the basis of a US survey of treatment-naive patients from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we used a baseline prevalence of drug resistance of 8.3%.ResultsA strategy of genotype-resistance testing at initial diagnosis of HIV infection increased per-person quality-adjusted life expectancy by 1.0 months, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 23,900 dollars per quality-adjusted life-year gained, compared with no genotype testing. The cost-effectiveness ratio for resistance testing remained less than 50,000 dollars per quality-adjusted life-year gained, unless the prevalence of resistance was < or =1%, a level lower than those reported in most regions of the United States and Europe. In sensitivity analyses, the cost-effectiveness remained favorable through wide variations in baseline assumptions, including variations in genotype cost, prevalence of resistance overall and to individual drug classes, and sensitivity of resistance testing.ConclusionsGenotype-resistance testing of chronically HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naive patients is likely to improve clinical outcomes and is cost-effective, compared with other HIV care in the United States. Resistance testing at the time of diagnosis should be the standard of care.

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