• J Fitzgerald, M Lenihan, J Callum, S A McCluskey, C Srinivas, A van Rensburg, and K Karkouti.
• Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• Br J Anaesth. 2018 May 1; 120 (5): 928-934.

BackgroundAn important cause of coagulopathy in cardiac surgery is impaired thrombin generation. While plasma is often used to correct this element of the coagulopathy, studies in vitro suggest that prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) might be more effective. Comparative data, however, are scant.MethodsWe compared the outcomes of those who received only plasma with those who received PCCs (with or without plasma) for management of coagulopathy in patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass at a single institution from 2012 to 2016. Propensity score matching was used to obtain between-group balance. Primary outcome was avoidance of perioperative red cell transfusions. Other outcomes were incidence of massive transfusion (more than nine red cell units), refractory bleeding (requiring factor VIIa), and adverse events.ResultsOf 6362 patients, 1151 (18.2%) received plasma without any PCCs, and 204 (3.2%) received PCCs, either with (n=125) or without plasma (n=79). Overall, patient risk-profile was higher in the PCCs group. In a well-balanced propensity score match that included 117 patients per group, the odds ratio (OR) for red cell avoidance was 2.4-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-4.8] higher in the PCCs group. Massive transfusion (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.33-1.0) and refractory bleeding (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.24-1.03) incidences were almost significantly lower in the PCCs group. The adverse event profiles were similar.ConclusionsOur exploratory study suggests that the use of PCCs as part of a multifaceted coagulation management strategy may have blood-sparing effects. Their incorporation into clinical practice, however, must await determination of their risk-benefit profile via multicentre randomised trials.Copyright © 2018 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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