• Feili Chen, Hanguo Guo, Chengliang Mao, Xinmiao Jiang, Sichu Liu, Ling Huang, Xiaojuan Wei, Zhanli Liang, Dong Zhou, and Wenyu Li.
• Lymphoma Division, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
• World Neurosurg. 2019 Jul 1; 127: 625-628.

BackgroundRelapse of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) occurs primarily at the initial site. Relapse outside the CNS is rare.Case DescriptionWe present the case of a 62-year-old immunocompetent man who underwent a stereotactic biopsy to diagnose PCNSL and subsequent placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for symptom relief in November 2012. He got complete remission after 6 cycles of high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy. In August 2017, relapse of lymphoma occurred in the abdomen, left basal ganglia, and bilateral ventricle with the largest lesion being around the VPS in the abdomen. He got complete remission after 6 cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine and prednisolone) plus 8 cycles of high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy.ConclusionsHere we report the first case of extra-CNS relapse of PCNSL around the site of VPS in the abdomen after intensive chemotherapy. Neurosurgeons should be aware of a potential risk of PCNSL spread along the VPS.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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