• A Carole Gardener, Gail Ewing, and Morag Farquhar.
• 1 Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• Palliat Med. 2019 Jun 1; 33 (6): 663-675.

BackgroundPatients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have difficulty reporting their holistic support needs to health care professionals, undermining delivery of person-centred care. We lack tools that directly support patients with this.AimTo develop an evidence-based, designed-for-purpose, tool to enable patients to directly identify and express support needs to health care professionals.DesignTwo-stage qualitative study. Stage 1: domains of support need were identified through a systematic review, analysis of an established qualitative dataset and patient/carer focus groups. Stage 2: draft tool developed using the identified domains of need and then refined through feedback from patients, carers and health care professionals, ensuring acceptability and suitability.Setting/ParticipantsStage 1 patients/carers recruited via four primary care practices and two patient support groups (East of England). Stage 2 health care professionals recruited via the Clinical Research Network and local community trust and patients/carers through two further practices and two additional support groups (East of England). In total, 57 patients, carers and health care professionals participated.ResultsA comprehensive set of evidence-based support domains (for example: overcoming boredom or loneliness, knowing what to expect in the future) was identified and formulated into questions. The resulting tool asks patients to consider whether they need more support in 15 broad areas. Patients, carers and clinical stakeholders broadly endorsed the tool's content and wording.ConclusionThe Support Needs Approach for Patients (SNAP) tool is a concise evidence-based tool designed to help patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identify and express their support needs to enable delivery of person-centred care.

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