• Xavier Benoit D'Journo, Pierre-Emmanuel Falcoz, Marco Alifano, Jean-Philippe Le Rochais, Thomas D'Annoville, Gilbert Massard, Jean Francois Regnard, Philippe Icard, Charles Marty-Ane, Delphine Trousse, Christophe Doddoli, Bastien Orsini, Sophie Edouard, Matthieu Million, Nathalie Lesavre, Anderson Loundou, Karine Baumstarck, Florence Peyron, Stephane Honoré, Stéphanie Dizier, Aude Charvet, Marc Leone, Didier Raoult, Laurent Papazian, and Pascal Alexandre Thomas.
• Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Chemin des Bourrely, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13915, Marseille cedex 20, France. xavier.djourno@ap-hm.fr.
• Intensive Care Med. 2018 May 1; 44 (5): 578-587.

PurposeRespiratory complications are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality after lung cancer surgery. We hypothesized that oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal decontamination with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) would be an effective method to reduce these complications as reported in cardiac surgery.MethodsIn this multicenter parallel-group randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled consecutive adults scheduled for anatomical pulmonary resection for lung cancer. Perioperative decontamination consisted in oropharyngeal rinse solution (0.12% CHG) and nasopharyngeal soap (4% CHG) or a placebo. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients requiring postoperative invasive and/or noninvasive mechanical ventilation (MV). Secondary outcome measures included occurrence of respiratory and non-respiratory healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and outcomes within 90 days.ResultsBetween July 2012 and April 2015, 474 patients were randomized. Of them, 24 had their surgical procedure cancelled or withdrew consent. The remaining 450 patients were included in a modified intention-to-treat analysis: 226 were allocated to CHG and 224 to the placebo. Proportions of patients requiring postoperative MV were not significantly different [CHG 14.2%; placebo 15.2%; relative risks (RRs) 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-1.45; P = 0.76]. Neither of the proportions of patients with respiratory HAIs were different (CHG 13.7%; placebo 12.9%; RRs 1.06; 95% CI 0.66-1.69; P = 0.81). The CHG group had significantly decreased incidence of bacteremia, surgical-site infection and overall Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, there were no significant between-group differences for hospital stay length, change in tracheal microbiota, postoperative antibiotic utilization and outcomes by day 90.ConclusionsCHG decontamination decreased neither MV requirements nor respiratory infections after lung cancer surgery. Additionally, CHG did not change tracheal microbiota or postoperative antibiotic utilization.Trial RegistrationThis study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01613365.

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