• Takaya Nishida, Takahiro Mihara, and Koui Ka.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-8555, Japan.
• J Anesth. 2018 Feb 1; 32 (1): 98-103.

PurposeRecently, pediatric ambulatory surgery has become common. However, for some of these patients, unplanned admission or prolonged hospital stay is also necessary, which can increase the mental burden on these patients. The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of the incidence of increased time spent in hospitals associated with pediatric ambulatory surgery.MethodsData were obtained from the medical and anesthetic records of 1087 consecutive patients aged < 18 years who underwent ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia. We defined the incidence of increased time spent in a hospital as a composite outcome of unplanned admission and prolonged hospital stay. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the incidence of increased time spent in a hospital and 14 parameters including patient characteristics, anesthesia, and operative factors.ResultsMultivariate analysis identified American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical Status (ASA-PS), type of regional block, intraoperative fluid volume, and type of surgery as predictors for the incidence of increased time spent in a hospital. Specifically, caudal block compared to no regional block [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.44 (0.22-0.90)]; increasing intraoperative fluid volume [OR (95% CI) = 0.71 (0.55-0.92) in every increment of 5 ml/kg/h); and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and urology surgery compared to other types of surgery [OR (95% CI) = 0.13 (0.03-0.64), and 3.93 (1.99-7.77), respectively] were identified as strong predictors.ConclusionsThis study found that the incidence of increased time spent in a hospital in pediatric ambulatory surgery was affected by the type of regional block, intraoperative fluid volume, type of surgery. Potentially modifiable factors, such as intraoperative fluid volume or type of regional block, should be further investigated in future prospective studies.

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