• Ban Leong Sng, Wei Du, Man Xin Lee, Farida Ithnin, Deepak Mathur, Wan Ling Leong, Rehena Sultana, Nian-Lin R Han, and Sia Alex Tiong Heng ATH.
• From the Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (BLS, FI, DM, ATHS, WLL), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (BLS, ATHS), Ministry of Health (WD, MXL), Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School (RS), and Division of Clinical Support Services, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N-LRH).
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 May 1; 35 (5): 390-397.

BackgroundHypotension is a common side effect of spinal anaesthesia during caesarean delivery and is associated with maternal and foetal adverse effects. We developed an updated double intravenous vasopressor automated (DIVA) system that administers phenylephrine or ephedrine based on continuous noninvasive haemodynamic monitoring using the Nexfin device.ObjectiveThe aim of our present study is to compare the performance and reliability of the DIVA system against Manual Vasopressor Bolus administration.DesignA randomised, double-blind controlled trial.SettingSingle-centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.PatientsTwo hundred and thirty-six healthy women undergoing elective caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of maternal hypotension. The secondary outcome measures were reactive hypertension, total vasopressor requirement and maternal and neonatal outcomes.ResultsThe DIVA group had a significantly lower incidence of maternal hypotension, with 39.3% (46 of 117) patients having any SBP reading less than 80% of baseline compared with 57.5% (65 of 113) in the manual vasopressor bolus group (P = 0.008). The DIVA group also had fewer hypotensive episodes than the manual vasopressor bolus group (4.67 versus 7.77%; P < 0.0001). There was no difference in the incidence of reactive hypertension or the total vasopressor requirement. The DIVA group had less wobble in system performance. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar.ConclusionThe DIVA system achieved better control of maternal blood pressure after spinal anaesthesia than manual vasopressor bolus administration.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02277730.

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