• M Kalyanaraman, S M Heidemann, A P Sarnaik, K L Meert, and S A Sarnaik.
• Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, USA.
• J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 1999 Jan 1; 21 (1): 70-3.

PurposeSigns and symptoms of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) may resemble those of vaso-occlusive crises in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). The diagnosis of DHTR therefore presents a challenge to the clinician when treating such patients. The current study describes a patient with SCA and DHTR secondary to red cell anti-s antibody, manifesting as painful extremeties, severe hemolytic anemia, and acute oliguric renal failure.Patients And MethodsA 17-year-old patient with homozygous hemoglobin S presented 8 days after partial exchange transfusions with severe anemia and signs and symptoms resembling vaso-occlusive crisis. Clinical course was complicated by intravascular hemolysis and acute renal failure.ResultsAnti-s antibody was detected in the eluate. Diagnosis of DHTR was made. Treatment included single volume whole blood exchange transfusion and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration with dialysis.ConclusionsThe possibility of DHTR should be considered in a patient with SCA with hemolytic anemia. Acute renal failure is a rare complication of anti-s antibody-associated DHTR. Such reactions can be successfully managed with exchange transfusion and continuous hemofiltration with dialysis.

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