• Bahadir Baykal, Ibrahim Erdim, Isa Ozbay, Fatih Oghan, Fatih Oncu, Zeynep Erdogdu, and Fatma Tulin Kayhan.
• *Department of Otolaryngology, Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul †Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya ‡Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Psychiatry Neurology Research Hospital, §Humanite Psychiatry Central, Istanbul, Turkey.
• J Craniofac Surg. 2015 Nov 1; 26 (8): 2339-41.

AimTo investigate the relationship between body dysmorphic syndrome and self-esteem in rhinoplasty candidates.ResultsA negative statistical correlation was evident between Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination-Self Report (BDDE-SR) scores. In terms of responses to the first Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ) question, which focuses on general attitude toward body dysmorphic syndrome, the average RSES "YES" score was significantly less than the "NO" score. No significant differences appeared between RSES scores and scores for the 4th subgroup of BDDQ questions (subgroups A, B, and C; these questions explore how much time is spent daily on maintenance of bodily appearance). However, significant differences appeared between scores for the 4th subgroup of BDDQ questions and BDDE-SR scores. The average BDD-SR score of subgroup A (less than 1 hour spent on bodily maintenance) was significantly lower than those of group B (1-3 hours) and group C (more than 3 hours). However, no significant differences appeared in average BDD-SR scores between subgroups B and C.Materials And MethodsIn this prospective study, 56 patients (31 females and 25 males) were evaluated preoperatively using the BDDQ, the BDDE-SR, and the RSES. Patients younger than 15 years and those with deformities caused by trauma were excluded.ConclusionsRhinoplasty candidates had higher levels of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Although patients with low RSES scores were more likely to have BDD, rhinoplasty candidates were not notably deficient in self-esteem. However, in rhinoplasty candidates with low RSES scores, the frequency of BDD was elevated. Therefore, the authors suggest that rhinoplasty candidates with low RSES scores should be investigated carefully in terms of BDD.

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