• Stacey Aggarwal-Howarth and John D Scott.
• Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.
• Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2017 Apr 15; 45 (2): 371-379.

AbstractPseudokinases and pseudophosphatases possess the ability to bind substrates without catalyzing their modification, thereby providing a mechanism to recruit potential phosphotargets away from active enzymes. Since many of these pseudoenzymes possess other characteristics such as localization signals, separate catalytic sites, and protein-protein interaction domains, they have the capacity to influence signaling dynamics in local environments. In a similar manner, the targeting of signaling enzymes to subcellular locations by A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) allows for precise and local control of second messenger signaling events. Here, we will discuss how pseudoenzymes form 'pseudoscaffolds' and compare and contrast this compartment-specific regulatory role with the signal organization properties of AKAPs. The mitochondria will be the focus of this review, as they are dynamic organelles that influence a broad range of cellular processes such as metabolism, ATP synthesis, and apoptosis.© 2017 The Author(s); published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.

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