• Naoya Uemura, Ryuta Murakami, Yoichi Chiba, Ken Yanase, Ryuji Fujihara, Masato Mashima, Koichi Matsumoto, Machi Kawauchi, Gotaro Shirakami, and Masaki Ueno.
• Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
• Neurosci. Lett. 2017 Oct 17; 659: 99-103.

AbstractIt has been suggested that urate plays a protective role in neurons, while hyperuricemia is correlated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, whether there is a system that directly transports urate into the brain remains to be clarified. In this study, the localization of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) and urate transporter 1 (URAT1), which are known to be representative reabsorptive urate transporters, was immunohistochemically examined in autopsied human brains. Immunoreactivity of GLUT9 was observed on the apical side of the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the choroid plexus and in the cilia of ependymal cells of the human brain. Immunoreactivity of URAT1 was observed on the basolateral side of the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the choroid plexus. In addition, immunoreactivity of GLUT9 and URAT1 was not observed in microvessels of the human brains. The choroid plexus and renal proximal tubule were similar in having a polarized distribution of these two transporters with the two transporters on opposite membranes, but the two transporters' distribution differs between the choroid plexus and the kidney in terms of which membrane (apical/basal) expresses which transporter. These findings support the hypothesis of the direct transport of intravascular urate into the central nervous system through the choroid plexus.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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