-
An investigation of inter-shock timing and electrode placement for double-sequential defibrillation.
- Tyson G Taylor, Sharon B Melnick, Fred W Chapman, and Gregory P Walcott.
- Physio-Control/Stryker, 11811 Willows Rd. NE, Redmond, WA 98052, USA. Electronic address: Tyson.Taylor@stryker.com.
- Resuscitation. 2019 Jul 1; 140: 194-200.
BackgroundDouble-Sequential Defibrillation (DSD) is the near-simultaneous use of two defibrillators to treat refractory VF. We hypothesized that (1) risk of DSD-associated defibrillator damage depends on shock vector and (2) the efficacy of DSD depends on inter-shock time.MethodsPart 1: risk of defibrillator damage was assessed in three anaesthetized pigs by applying two sets of defibrillation electrodes in six different configurations (near-orthogonal or near-parallel vectors). Ten 360J shocks were delivered from one set of pads and peak voltage was measured across the second set. Part 2: the dependence of DSD efficacy on inter-shock time was assessed in ten anaesthetized pigs. Electrodes were applied in lateral-lateral (LL) and anterior-posterior positions. Control (LL Stacked Shocks; one vector, two shocks ∼10 s apart) and DSD therapies (Overlapping, 10 ms, 50 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms, 500 ms, 1000 ms apart) were tested in a block randomized design treating electrically-induced VF (n = ∼89 VF episodes/therapy). Shock energies were selected to achieve 25% shock success for a single LL shock.ResultsPart 1: peak voltage delivered was 1833 ± 48 V (mean ± 95%CI). Peak voltage exposure was, on average, 10-fold higher for parallel than orthogonal vectors (p < 0.0001). Part 2: DSD efficacy compared to Stacked LL shocks was higher for Overlapping, 10 ms, and 100 ms (p < 0.05); lower at 50 ms (p < 0.05); and not different at 200 ms or longer inter-shock times.ConclusionRisk of DSD-associated defibrillator damage can be mitigated by using near-orthogonal shock vectors. DSD efficacy is highly dependent on the inter-shock time and can be better, worse, or no different than stacked shocks from a single vector.Institutional Protocol NumberUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Protocol Number 06860.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Notes
Knowledge, pearl, summary or comment to share?You can also include formatting, links, images and footnotes in your notes
- Simple formatting can be added to notes, such as
*italics*
,_underline_
or**bold**
. - Superscript can be denoted by
<sup>text</sup>
and subscript<sub>text</sub>
. - Numbered or bulleted lists can be created using either numbered lines
1. 2. 3.
, hyphens-
or asterisks*
. - Links can be included with:
[my link to pubmed](http://pubmed.com)
- Images can be included with:
![alt text](https://bestmedicaljournal.com/study_graph.jpg "Image Title Text")
- For footnotes use
[^1](This is a footnote.)
inline. - Or use an inline reference
[^1]
to refer to a longer footnote elseweher in the document[^1]: This is a long footnote.
.